PA-9 Series MOTORS Application Guide
●Voltage Sags in excess of one minute can cause motor controllers can drop out. The dropout voltage of motor controllers is typically 70% to 80% of nominal voltage. Long duration voltage sags can cause heating in induction motors due to increased current drawn by the motor.
●Voltage Imbalance can cause overheating of motors and transformers. Phase current imbalance to three-phase induction motors varies almost as the cube of the voltage imbalance applied to the motor terminals. A three-and-one-half percent voltage imbalance, therefore, results in 25% added heating in motors A Voltage imbalance greater than 2% can affect motors. Three-phase induction motors should be de-rated when operated with imbalanced voltages
●Excessive voltage harmonics can also cause motors to overheat.
●Transients can cause the insulation to breakdown in motors. Fast-changing PWM voltage pulses can interact with the distributed inductance and capacitance of motor leads. This can result in an amplified peak voltage as high as 1600V at the motor terminals. This peak voltage stresses and degrades the insulation around the stator winding of the motor. The peak voltage magnitude at the motor terminals depends on the motor lead characteristics and the surge impedance of the motor, the smaller the motor and longer the leads, the greater the peak voltage.
Frequency variations can also cause motor problems. The power system frequency is directly related to the rotational speed of the generators on the system. The frequency depends on the balance between the load and the capacity of the available generation. When this dynamic balance changes, small changes in frequency occur.
●Common Causes of voltage sags include source voltage changes, inrush currents as well as inadequate wiring.
●Common Cause of imbalance is circuit loading.
●Common causes of harmonics include electronic loads and SCR/Rectifier loads.
●Common Causes of transients include lightning, load switching, capacitor switching as well as loose wiring.
●Common causes of frequency variations are generators isolated from the utility system. In such cases, governor response to abrupt load changes may not be adequate to regulate the speed of the generator and the frequency will vary.
●Another Common Cause includes the wrong voltage for equipment in use coming into the building. These wrong voltages can include 230volt equipment being fed from 208 volts or vice versa, 460 volt equipment being fed from 480 volts.
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Please see the document for details |
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English Chinese Chinese and English Japanese |
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2008/2/5 |
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PA9_06_AG_En_V02 |
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