Modern Motor Control Applications and Trends
●This paper reviews the state of the an of electric drives technology in three specific areas (a) technical requirements of high-performance ac machines control, (b) most popular electrical machines and (c) control techniques. Key development trends including the dominance of ac adjustable speed drives in new applications, with basically three technical approaches (a) induction machine (IM), (b) permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) and (c) switched reluctance machine (SRM). The aim of this paper is to provide complete overview with a strong practical aspect.
■INTRODUCTION
●Electrical machines machineries are used in a wide power range from 10-6 W in electronic watches to more than 10s \V in power plants. They cover a wide range of torque of more than 10' Nm in mills and speed > 10- RPMs in centrifuge applications and flywheels.
●Their applications make our five easier wherever physical activities take place, including transportation of goods and people or industrial production processes. It is estimated that for industrialized countries, about half of the consumed electricity is convened to mechanical energy.
●There are some reasons why electric drives are so promising [2]: (a) electrical drives are very adaptable and versatile to almost any operating conditions or environments such as completely enclosed, submerged in liquids, exposed to explosive or radioactive surroundings. They do not need fuels and do not emit exhaust fumes so they do not have detrimental effect on their environment. Today's wire isolations withstand temperatures around 200"C which makes them possible to work in an extremely harsh environment. The acoustic noise is low compared to combustion engines, (b) Electric machines can work immediately with full load, without the need of heating up and usually have several times of overload capability. There is no need to refuel and service period is long compared with other propulsions, (c) EMs have low power loss Hat no-load conditions and can achieve high efficiency, (d) The controllability is easy and essential for the electric drives. Todays advanced control methods allow a wide range of speed and torque regulation in steady state as well as in dynamic conditions, where typically high performance is achieved by an electronic control, (e) Modern electric drives can operate in all four quadrants of torque vs speed plane as depicted in Figure 1. During braking (quadrants 2 and 4) the drive regenerates energy back to the source (machine is transforming mechanical to electrical energy) and vice versa for driving (quadrants 1 and 3).
●To complete the introduction, some characteristic which can be seen as a disadvantage of the electric drives, have to be mentioned [2]: (a) first of all. dependency on a continuous power source could bring problem mainly with vehicle propulsions. When there is no power rail available, an electric source has to be part of the vehicle which is usually bulky, heavy and expensive. In Figure 2. you can see that except power grid, the potential power sources could be: storage batter,-, rotating generator with combustion engine and then solar or fuel cells. The lack of storage battery-advanced technologies hampers the spread of this energy—storage means, (b) Mainly due to the saturation of and complexity of cooling of electric machines the power density is lower compared with high-pressure hydraulic drives.
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Application note & Design Guide |
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Please see the document for details |
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English Chinese Chinese and English Japanese |
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2021/8/6 |
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Rev. 2 |
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TND6236/D |
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1.8 MB |
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