Thermoelectric Coolers
●Solid state heat pumps have been in existence since the discovery of the Peltier effect in 1834. The devices became commercially available several decades ago with the development of advanced semiconductor thermocouple materials in combination with ceramics substrates. Thermoelectric coolers are solid-state heat pumps that require a heat exchanger to dissipate heat utilizing the Peltier Effect. During operation, DC current flows through the thermoelectric cooler to create heat transfer and a temperature differential across the ceramic substrates, causing one side of the thermoelectric cooler to be cold, while the other side is hot. A standard single-stage thermoelectric cooler can achieve temperature differentials of up to 70°C.
●A typical thermoelectric cooler’s geometric footprint can vary from 2 x 2 mm’s to 62 x 62 mm’s and are light in weight. This makes thermoelectrics ideal for applications with tight geometric space constraints and low weight requirements when compared too much larger cooling technologies, such as conventional compressor-based systems. Thermoelectric coolers can also be used as a power generator to convert waste heat into usable output DC power.
●Thermoelectrics are ideal for applications that require active cooling to below ambient and have cooling capacity requirements < 600 Watts. A design engineer should consider thermoelectric coolers when the system design criteria includes such factors as precise temperature control, high reliability, compact geometry constraints, low weight and environmental friendly requirements.
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