Optimizing Instruction Execution in the PowerPC™ 603e Superscalar Microprocessor
Instruction execution in a superscalar processor is enhanced by allowing the parallel execution of multiple instructions. In order to enable the maximum potential of most superscalar processors, one needs to be aware of their instruction flow and execution mechanisms. Optimal performance in a microprocessor can be attained by ensuring a continuous flow of instructions through the instruction pipeline.
Being aware of the dependencies and constraints of the instruction flow mechanisms allows one to generate code that can most effectively and optimally take advantage of all the capabilities of a superscalar processor such as the PowerPC 603e microprocessor.
The 603e is a low-power implementation of the PowerPC family of reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessors. The 603e is a superscalar processor capable of issuing and retiring as many as three instructions per clock. Instructions can “execute” out-of-order for increased performance, but they “retire” in-order to ensure functional correctness and well-ordered behavior.
In this paper, we first discuss the instruction flow mechanism of the PowerPC 603e microprocessor and then describe dependencies and constraints that should be avoided to reduce stalls in the instruction pipeline and maximize performance.
By closely examining the instruction flow mechanism of the 603e, a software developer will not only be able to optimize code for the 603e, but will also be able to understand some of the general principles behind superscalar microprocessors that can impact performance.
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White Paper |
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Please see the document for details |
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English Chinese Chinese and English Japanese |
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2020/03/24 |
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Version 1.0 |
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1998-014-1 |
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517 KB |
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