Precision Validation, Maintenance and Repair of Satellite Earth Stations FieldFox Handheld Analyzers

PublishTime：2022-04-20

●To assure maximum system uptime, routine maintenance and occasional troubleshooting and repair must be done quickly, accurately and in a variety of weather conditions. This application note describes breakthrough technologies that have transformed the way systems can be tested in the field while providing higher performance, improved accuracy, capability and frequency coverage to 50 GHz. A single FieldFox handheld analyzer will be shown to be an ideal test solution due to its high performance, broad capabilities, and lightweight portability, replacing traditional methods of having to transport multiple bench top instruments to the earth station sites.
●A satellite communications system is comprised of two segments, one operating in space and one operating on earth. Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the space and ground segments found in a typical satellite communications system. The space segment includes a diverse set of spacecraft technologies varying in operating frequency, coverage area and function. The satellite orbit is typically related to the application. For example, about half of the orbiting satellites operate in a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) that maintains a fixed position above the earth’s equator. These GEO satellites provide Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) including broadcast television and radio. The location of GEO satellites result in limited coverage to the polar regions. For navigation systems requiring complete global coverage, constellations of satellites operate in a lower altitude, namely in the Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), that move around the earth in 2-24 hour orbits. At even lower altitudes, namely in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO), satellites provide applications which include remote sensing and mobile communications. The International Space Station and the Hubble Space Telescope also operate in LEO.
●System requirements may be very different depending on the orbital location. For example, tracking GEO satellites requires only minor adjustments when pointing the ground segment antenna while LEO satellites require the ground station antennas to follow the satellite’s trajectory in orbit. The space segment also includes the earth-based satellite control subsystem that provides the functions of tracking, telemetry and command (TT&C). The TT&C determines the satellite’s orbital position and provides commands to adjust the its altitude, orientation and trajectory. The TT&C also relays information regarding the health and operational status of the satellite payload [1].
●The ground segment, also referred to as the earth segment, contains gateways, hubs and user terminals. Communications, including voice and data, are carried between the gateway and hubs to user terminals through the satellite acting as a relay. Gateways connect the satellite communications to other terrestrial networks such as telephones (PSTN), cellular networks and the internet. Hubs provide connections between different elements of a common system including numerous user terminals and other hubs. Gateways, hubs and user terminals are typically referred as earth stations [1].
●Connectivity between gateways and hubs to user terminals may operate in a point-to-multipoint fashion or in one of several duplexing modes achieving two-way communications. When the connection is point-to-multipoint, such as in broadcast applications, an earth station transmits the uplink signal to the satellite for wide area distribution to potentially millions of user terminals. During satellite rebroadcast, this content is received by all user terminals located within the beam of the satellite antenna. The origin of the broadcasted content may be delivered from a terrestrial network or from another satellite system such as in Direct-to-Home (DTH) television systems. The user terminals may be homogeneous across the entire system, such as the terminals in a DTH system, or heterogeneous containing a variety of fixed, mobile and handheld applications.

Brand of Product：	Keysight
Part#：
Product Category：	Handheld Analyzers More
Application：	More
Data Type：	Application note & Design Guide More
Safety & Environment Standards：	More
Operating Temperature：	Please see the document for details
Qualification Grade：	More
Qualification Approval：	More
Package：
Language：	English Chinese Chinese and English Japanese
Date of Creation：	December 1, 2017
Version Number：
Data Encoding：	5992-0727EN
Data Size：	3.6 MB

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