Surveying the Best Ways to Test Antennas and Antenna Arrays
●As derived in Part 1 of this series, the radar range equation captures the essential variables that define the maximum distance at which a given radar system can detect objects of interest. Because the variables relate directly to the major sections of the system block diagram, they provide a powerful framework for the essential process of understanding, characterizing and verifying the actual performance of any radar system.
Parts 2 and 3 of this series defined the pulsed radar signal, described ways to measure the power in those signals, and presented readily available ways to measure the essential characteristics of pulsed signals: frequency, timing, power and spectrum. Part 4 examined the use of vector signal analysis (VSA) and wideband instruments—signal analyzers and oscilloscopes—to measure frequency, phase, and more, in today’s increasingly complex radar signals. Part 5 provided a closer look at the testing, analysis and optimization of the components and subassemblies used in today’s radar systems.
In our ongoing discussion of practical test methods, we’ll now take a closer look at the testing of antennas and antenna arrays. This topic spans a variety of test setups and test methods: far-field and near-field test ranges; multi-aperture and phased-array radar systems; and radar cross-section (RCS) measurements.
Across these requirements, narrowband or wideband measurement techniques may provide the desired results. Vector network analyzers can perform essential narrowband measurements of magnitude (gain), phase and impedance, and they provide the sensitivity needed to obtain excellent results when dealing with extremely small signals in RCS testing. For wideband measurements, modular AXIe digitizers are the foundation of a flexible reference solution designed to address multi-channel antenna characterization.
●The radar series
■This application note is the sixth in a series that delves into radar systems and the associated measurement challenges and solutions. Across the series, our goal is to provide a mix of timeless fundamentals and emerging ideas.
In each note, many of the sidebars highlight solutions—hardware and software—that include future-ready capabilities that can track along with the continuing evolution of radar systems.
Whether you read one, some or all of the notes in the series, we hope you find material—timeless or timely—that is useful in your day-to-day work, be on it new designs or system upgrades.
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Application note & Design Guide |
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December 1, 2017 |
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5992-1886EN |
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2.5 MB |
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