Liquid Cooling Systems
Liquid cooling systems are unique to the thermal management market in that they use a coolant to transfer heat. Most engineers are concerned about introducing liquids to their electronics, but if the unit is designed and assembled correctly, it becomes a non-issue. Liquid cooling systems have several advantages over conventional air-cooled systems.
◆High Heat Pumping Capacity. Liquid heat exchangers can reduce the thermal resistance of conventional heat sink fan dissipation mechanisms by a factor of 10 or more. This is due to the poor thermal properties of air versus coolants such as water.
◆High Heat Flux Density. Liquid cooling systems can remove up to five times the amount of heat per square area over conventional air cooling systems. This becomes advantageous in densely packed electronics with limited space to accommodate an air cooling mechanism.
◆Heat Routing. Liquid cooling allows the integration of a small heat exchanger to be located at the heat source, which then routes heat away through a liquid circuit. This is advantageous
in densely packed electronics where a conventional air cooling system pushes air all around system and potentially adds heat to the system from other hot electronics in close proximity.
◆Rapid Cool Down. Cool down time is a function of cooling capacity. Liquid cooling systems have larger cooling capacities than conventional heat sink fan mechanisms, which will reduce the time it takes to reach temperature.
◆Lower Noise. Systems with high heat removal requirements of one kilowatt or higher require much larger fans to generate the air flow needed to dissipate heat. This makes the air cooling system noisier, exposes system to higher vibration and potentially requires a larger system than that of an liquid cooling system.
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