M
L
31
ML
LITHIUM MANGANESE DIOXIDE
RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
Lithium Manganese Dioxide
Rechargeable Battery
Never swallow.
Always keep the battery out of the reach of infants and young
children to prevent it from being swallowed. If swallowed, consult a
physician immediately.
Do not replace.
Depending on the battery manufacturer, there might be major
differences in performance even among the same types or models of
batteries. If you are an equipment manufacturer and need to replace
the battery, please use a new one of the same type and same model
as the existing one. Because this is a rechargeable battery, its
characteristics are completely different from a primary battery even
though their shapes are alike. If a primary battery is installed in the
circuit in place of a rechargeable battery, gas could be generated or
the primary battery could be short-circuited by charging. This could
lead to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. Please
design your equipment so that the end user cannot replace the
battery by mistake.
Never use two or more batteries connected in series or in parallel.
If batteries are connected together, it is very difficult to design a circuit
to observe whether or not the batteries are charged at specified
voltage or current as described in "Warning -Circuit Design".
Never reverse the positive and negative terminals when
mounting.
Improper mounting of the battery could lead to equipment trouble or
short-circuiting. This could cause distortion, leakage, overheating,
explosion, or fire.
Never short-circuit the battery.
Do not allow the positive and negative terminals to short-circuit.
Never carry or store the battery with metal objects such as a
necklace or a hairpin. Do not take multiple batteries out of the
package and pile or mix them when storing. Please be careful when
installing the battery not to short-circuit it with metal portions of the
equipment. Otherwise, this could lead to distortion, leakage,
overheating, explosion, or fire.
Never heat.
Heating the battery to more than 100 deg. C could increase the internal
pressure, causing distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire.
Never expose to open flames.
Exposing to flames could cause the lithium metal to melt, causing
the battery to catch on fire and explode.
Never disassemble the battery.
Do not disassemble the battery, because the separator or gasket
could be damaged, leading to distortion, leakage, overheating,
explosion, or fire.
Never weld the terminals or weld a wire to the body of the
battery directly.
The heat of welding or soldering could cause the lithium to melt, or
cause damage to the insulating material in the battery, leading to
possible distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. When
soldering the battery directly to equipment, solder only the tabs or
leads. Even then, the temperature of the soldering iron must be
below 350 deg. C and the soldering time less than 5 seconds. Do
not use a soldering bath, because the circuit board with battery
attached could stop moving or the battery could drop into the bath.
Moreover do not use excessive solder, because the solder could
flow to unwanted portions of the board, leading to a short-circuit or
charging of the battery.
Never allow liquid leaking from the battery to get in your eyes
or mouth.
Because this liquid could cause serious damage, if it does come in
contact with your eyes, flush them immediately with plenty of water
and consult a physician. Likewise, if the liquid gets in your mouth,
rinse immediately with plenty of water and consult a physician.
Keep leaking batteries away from fire.
If leakage is suspected or you detect a strong odor, keep the battery away
from fire, because the leaked liquid could catch on fire.
Never touch the battery electrodes.
Do not allow the battery electrodes to come in contact with your skin or
fingers. Otherwise, the moisture from your skin could cause a discharge
of the battery, which could produce certain chemical substances
causing you to receive a chemical burns.
Safety Instructions
This battery contains lithium, organic solvents, and other combustible materials. For this reason, improper handling of the battery could lead to
distortion, leakage*, overheating, explosion, or fire, causing bodily injury or equipment trouble. Please observe the following instructions to
prevent accidents. (* Leakage is defined as the unintentional escape of a liquid from a battery.)
Secondary Battery
Warnings — Handling
LITHIUM MANGANESE DIOXIDE RECHARGEABLE BATTERY
M
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32
Never set the charge voltage above 3.3V.
Charging at a higher voltage could cause the generation of gas,
internal short-circuiting, or other malfunctions, leading to distortion,
leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. For details, see the
recommended circuits below.
Always charge at the nominal currents shown below.
Large surges of current could degrade the battery’s characteristics,
leading to distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire. To
avoid excessive current at the initiation of charging, make sure to
attach a protective resistor for current control. See the
recommended circuits below.
(How to select a protective resistor for the current control)
The maximum charge current flows in the battery when charged at
an end voltage of 2V. Therefore, the value of the resistor is
calculated using this equation:
(R)
>
=
((Output Voltage of Voltage Regulator) – 2) / (Nominal Charge
Current)
For example, the S-812C series, which has a maximum input voltage
of 18V, or the S-817 series with a maximum input voltage of 10V
(Seiko Instruments Inc.) can be used as a voltage regulator.
Note 1: If the main power source voltage is stable, the charge
voltage can be allotted from main power source divided by the
combination of resistors.
Note 2: Because the battery height must be changed by charge and
discharge cycle, place a minimum of 1mm space between the
battery and device or chassis.
Never over-discharge the battery.
If the battery is over-discharged to below the specified voltage
(2.0V), it may not be rechargeable.
Recommended circuits
Please refer to the representative basic circuits shown below.
If you have any questions about circuit design, please feel free
to contact Maxell.
Model
Table 1 Nominal Charge Current by Model
Fig. 1 Charge Property
Charge Current
ML2032
2mA or lower
ML2016
2mA or lower
D: Diode, R: Resistor
Load
(3.0-3.3V)
ML
R
D
–
+
GND
Voltage
Regulator
To 16V
3.2V
>600 ohm
>600 ohm
3.1V
>550 ohm
>550 ohm
Model
ML2032
ML2016
Output Voltage of Voltage Regulator
Table 2 Example of resistors
The battery may be
regulated by national or
local regulation. Please
follow the instructions of
proper regulation. As
electric capacity is left in
a discarded battery and it
comes into contact with
other metals, it could lead
to distortion, leakage,
overheating, or explosion,
so make sure to cover the (+) and (–) terminals with friction tape or
some other insulator before disposal.
Never expose the battery to ultrasonic sound.
Exposing the battery to ultrasonic sound may cause short-circuiting
because the inside material is broken into pieces, leading to
distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire.
Never subject the battery to severe shock.
Dropping, throwing or stomping on the battery may cause distortion,
leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire.
Use the correct battery suitable for the equipment.
The battery may not be suitable for the specific equipment due to
the using conditions or type of equipment. Please select the suitable
battery according to the handling instructions of the equipment.
Never use or leave the battery in a hot place such as under the
direct rays of the sun or in a car in hot weather.
If you do, this may cause distortion, leakage, overheating, explosion,
or fire.
Never allow the battery to come in contact with water.
If it does, this may cause the battery to rust or lead to distortion,
leakage, overheating, explosion, or fire.
Never store the battery in a hot and humid environment.
Otherwise it may cause battery performance deterioration,
deformation, leakage, overheating, or explosion.
(Example of
battery insulation)
Battery
+
–
Tape
Do not pile up or mix
batteries.
Enlarged view
Electric current flows.
These batteries generate heat.
Warnings — Circuit Design
Caution — Handling/Storage
Warnings — Disposal
Charge voltage (V)
Recoverable ratio (%)
0
2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5
20
40
60
80
100
Recommended
area
Prohibited
area
Temp: 20deg.C
FV = 2.0V
M
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33
OA Machines (Fax, Copiers, Printers) Notebook PCs
Desktop PCs Camcorders Digital Still Cameras
Watches Medical Instruments, Cash Registers
FA Instruments (Measuring Instruments, Onboard Microcomputers,
Sensors)
Electronic Meters (Water, Gas, Electricity)
Recognized models: ML2032, ML2016
Certification Number: MH12568
Applications
UL (Underwriters Laboratories Inc.) Recognized Components
Approx. 2.5V operating voltage
The operating voltage is about twice that of nickel cadmium
rechargeable batteries. Displays a high discharge voltage of 2.8V
when at 10% of nominal capacity (depth of discharge is 10% or
less), when charged at 3.0 to 3.3V.
Superior charge/discharge cycle characteristics
Wide –20 deg. C to 60 deg. C usable temperature range
Demonstrates stable operating voltage in temperatures as low as
–20 deg. C and as high as 60 deg. C.
Low self-discharge and superior leakage resistance
Self-discharge at 20 deg. C is no more than 2% per year. Supplies a
nominal capacity of about 95% even when stored at 20 deg. C for
roughly five years (according to accelerated test conducted by
Maxell). And since organic electrolyte is used, the battery has
superior leakage resistance.
Excellent floating characteristics
A specially formulated organic electrolyte is employed to provide
stable discharge characteristics even if charged for a year at 3.3V at
20 deg. C (according to accelerated test conducted by Maxell).
Excellent high rate discharge characteristics
Features
The coin type lithium manganese dioxide rechargeable battery is a small, lightweight rechargeable battery. This battery employs specially treated
manganese dioxide for the positive material and a lithium-aluminum compound for the negative material. A specially formulated organic electrolyte
is also used, yielding excellent discharge characteristics with low self-discharge.
The coin type lithium manganese dioxide rechargeable battery is a
3V battery using specially treated manganese dioxide for the positive
material, a lithium-aluminum compound for the negative material and
a specially formulated organic electrolyte solution.
Charge/Discharge reactions
Collector
Collector
Negative Electrode
Negative
Can
Separator
Gasket
Positive CanPositive Electrode
(–)
(+)
LiMnO2+AlMnO2+(Li-Al)
Discharge
Charge
Overview
Construction
Principle and Reactions
*1 Nominal capacity indicates duration until the voltage drops down to 2.0V when discharged at a nominal discharge current at 20 deg. C.
*2 Dimensions and weight are for the battery itself, but may vary depending on terminal specifications and other factors.
• Data and dimensions are just reference values. For further details, please contact your nearest Maxell dealer or distributor.
Model
3
Nominal voltage (V)
25
Nominal capacity (mAh)
*1
200
Nominal discharge current (µA)
Dimensions
*2
20
1.6
Discharge depth of 10%
Discharge depth of 20%
Diameter (mm)
Height (mm)
Charge, discharge
cycle lifetime
Weight (g)
*2
1.8
3
65
200
Operating temperature range (deg. C)
–
20 to
+
60
1,000 (6.5mAh discharge)
(total capacity 6,500mAh)
300 (13mAh discharge)
(total capacity 3,900mAh)
1,500 (2.5mAh discharge)
(total capacity 3,750mAh)
500 (5mAh discharge)
(total capacity 2,500mAh)
20
3.2
3.0
ML2032 ML2016
Products
Lithium Manganese Dioxide Rechargeable Battery
SR
ML
Secondary Battery
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0
20
10 30 40 50 60 70 80
Discharge capacity (mAh)
Voltage (V)
Temperature: 20 deg. C
30k
15k
240k
100k
Discharge Characteristics
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0 100 200 300 400 500
Discharge duration time (h)
Voltage (V)
Discharge load: 15k
–
20 deg. C
0 deg. C
60 deg. C
20 deg. C
Temperature Characteristics
10
4
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
0
10
1
10
2
Discharge duration time (days)
Discharge final voltage: 2V Temperature: 20 deg. C
Discharge current (µA)
Relationship between Discharge Current and Duration Time
Discharge duration time (h)
Voltage (V)
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temperature: 20 deg. C
1mA2mA4mA 3mA
High Rate Discharge Characteristics
Over Charge Characteristics
Self-discharge Characteristics
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 100 200 300 400 500
Discharge duration time (h)
Voltage (V)
Discharge load: 15k Temperature: 20 deg. C
Initial
After charged at 3.3V for
20 days at 60 deg. C
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
Discharge duration time (h)
Voltage (V)
0 100 200 300
400 500
After stored for 60 days at 60 deg. C
Discharge load: 15k Temperature: 20 deg. C
Initial
Storage Characteristics
Charge/Discharge Cycle Performance
Depth of discharge (%)
Rechargeable cycle number/cycles
0
10
1
10
2
10
3
10
4
20 40 60 80 100
Temperature: 20 deg. C
Charging voltage: 3.25V
Storage time (days)
Capacity retention ratio (%)
(when accelerating 20 days at 60 deg. C equivalent to 1 year at 20 deg.C)
0
50
60
70
80
90
100
50 100 150 200 250
Storage temperature: 60 deg. C
Discharge temperature: 20 deg. C
Load: 15K
Characteristics (ML2032)