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Proper Sizing
Once it is determined as to what type of vibration dampening device is needed, weight loading is the next crucial step.
As a built in safety measure, take the actual weight of supported pipe or equipment (consider all accessories - i.e.
valves, insulation, brackets, etc...) and multiply by 1.25. Then refer to the sizing chart for the selected product to
determine part number.
Sizing: Divide weight of equipment by points of support to determine load requirement per support.
Example: 240 Lb.
(90.7 kg) piece of equipment, 4 support points, take 240 x 1.25 = 300 Lbs. (136.1kg) (safety
measure), then take 300 ÷ 4 = 75 Lbs. (34.0 kg) Specify appropriate vibration device rated at
75 Lbs.
(34.0 kg) for each of the support points.
If weight of equipment is unequally proportionate, select mounts to satisfy the weight distribution.
Vibration Isolation
Vibration Isolation Data
254
EatonB-Line series Pipe Hangers & Supports
Natural frequency of isolation system f
n
(cycles per minute)
Visualize a machine suspended barely above 4 springs (one on each corner). Now release the suspension. The machine will deflect
the springs and be pushed up and return a number of times with diminishing deflection until it comes to rest. The spring deflection
at rest is called the static deflection. The number of cycles per unit time is the natural frequency of the isolation system. Unlike
multi-degree of freedom floors with limitless natural frequencies, springs essentially have only one natural frequency.
Transmitted force f
t
(pounds) f
t
= f
d
(100% - isolation efficiency)
Note that fn must be compared to f
d
for satisfactory isolation efficiency. Also note that the force transmitted can be greater than
the disturbing force when f
n
is close to or equals f
d
. This condition is called resonance and is avoided in vibration isolation.
Natural frequency of floor or soil
Visualize the effect of dropping a load on the floor. This floor will deflect and spring back diminishingly a number of cycles until
it comes to rest. The number of these cycles per unit time is a natural frequency of the floor. It is essentially independent of
the magnitude of deflection and hence is a characteristic of a given floor if given a light tap or a hard jolt at the same location.
The floor has many natural frequencies. The lowest natural frequency is called the fundamental. It is characterized by maximum
deflection at mid span. The higher natural frequencies are generally less bothersome than the fundamental since they are less
likely to be excited by machines in common use and are more quickly damped. The greater a floor deflects under a given load,
the lower the fundamental frequency of that floor. Soft, springy floors have low fundamentals. Hard, solid floors have high
fundamentals.
Disturbing frequency f
d
(cycles per minute)
With few exceptions, the speed (RPM) of the machine will be most representative of the frequency of the disturbance.
Disturbances are more readily transmitted when the disturbing frequency is close to a natural frequency of the floor or soil.
For this reason, these characteristics are important considerations i designing a trouble-free installation.
Disturbing force f
d
(pounds)
The disturbing force causes the problem. It is constantly changing from maximum positive through zero to maximum negative
through zero to maximum positive each cycle. It results from unbalanced reciprocating and rotating masses. Its peak magnitude
varies from ounces to tons. From less than 1% to over 60% of the weight of some types of machines. Generally this force will
increase with time in a given machine as bearings wear, deposits form and moving parts get out of balance with each other.
1
static deflection (inches)
f
n
= 188
Vibration isolation efficiency % = 100% x 1 -
1
(f
d
÷
f
n
)
2
- 1
[ ]