CERAMIC CAPACITORS
4
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Page revised 09/17
Taping : dimensionsGeneral Information
MATERIALS EXPERT
For 50 years and as a market leader, EXXELIA’s comprehensive knowledge of
the materials properties and performances have enabled us to design capaci-
tors in Porcelain, NPO, BX, 2C1, BP, X7R and -2200ppm/° C ceramics.
CUSTOM DESIGNS
Our catalog products don’t meet your application?
Based on the valuable experience accumulated over the design of 2,000+ spe-
cific ceramic capacitors, you can trust EXXELIA to define a qualitative custom
solution in a time effective manner.
NO OBSOLESCENCE
Choosing a standard or custom Exxelia product means you won’t have to worry
about obsolescence.
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
• Aerospace & Defense: cockpit panels, flight control, radio systems, missile
guidance systems…
• Space: military and commercial satellites, launcher…
• Medical: MRI, external defibrillators, implantable devices…
• Telecommunications: base stations…
• Oil and gas: drilling tools, MWD, LWD, wellheads…
ISO 9001 AND AS9100C
Quality is at the core of Exxelia’s corporate culture. Each sites has its own cer-
tifications.
CERTIFICATIONS
Capacitors manufactured by EXXELIA comply with American and European
standards and meet the requirements of many international standards.
For Space qualified parts (ESA QPL), please refer to our catalog «Ceramic ca-
pacitors for Space applications».
QUALITY & RELIABILITY
EXXELIA is committed to design and manufacture high quality and reliability
products. The test cycles reproducing the most adverse operating conditions
over extended periods (up to 10 000 hours) have logged to date well over
5.109 hours/°Component.
Failure rate data can be provided upon request.
CONFLICT MINERALS
EXXELIA is committed to an approach based on «Conflict Minerals Compli-
ance». This US SEC rule demands complete traceability and a control mech-
anism for the mineral procurement chain, encouraging importers to buy only
«certified» ore.
We have discontinued relations with suppliers that procure from the Democrat-
ic Republic of the Congo or an adjoining country.
ENVIRONMENT
EXXELIA is committed to applying a robust environmental policy, from product
design through to shipment. To control its environmental footprint and recon-
cile this with the company’ functional imperatives, our environmental policy
provides for the reduction or elimination of hazardous substances. We also
focus on compliance with European Union directives and regulations, notably
REACH and RoHS.
RoHS COMPLIANCY
SMD CAPACITORS
The capacitor terminations are generally protected by a nickel barrier formed
by electrolytic deposit. This barrier gives chip capacitors leaching performance
far exceeding the requirements of all applicable standards. The nickel barrier
guarantees a minimum resistance to soldering heat for a period of 1 minute at
260°C in a tin-lead (60/40) or tin-lead-silver (62/36/2) bath without noticeable
alteration to the solderability. It also allows repeated soldering-unsoldering
and the longer soldering times required by reflow techniques.
However nickel barrier amplifies thermal shock and is not recommended for
chip sizes equal or greater than CNC Y (30 30) - (C 282 to C 288 - CNC 80 to
CNC 94).
LEADED COMPONENTS
As well as for SMD products, leaded capacitors ranges can also be RoHS. These
products, which are characterized by the suffix «W» added to the commercial
type, are naturally compatible with the soldering alloys used in RoHS mounting
technology. The connections coating is generally an alloy SnAg (with a maxi-
mum of 4% Ag). However, on a few products that Exxelia will precise on request,
the coating is pure silver.
10 - 60 µm
Metallization
Silver-Palladium (or Silver)
Nickel barrier
Tinning:
Tin-Lead No RoHs
Pure Tin RoHS (W)
CerUflex (polymer)
2 - 3 µm
3 - 8 µm
CERAMIC CAPACITORS
8
www.exxelia.com info@exxelia.com
Page revised 09/17
Taping : dimensions
MLCC STRUCTURE
Terminations
Ceramic
Tin
Tin / Lead
Gold
(Solderable layer)
Electrodes
Margins
Silver or Silver / Palladium (electrodes contact layer)
Polymer (crack protection layer)
Nickel or Copper barrier (leaching protection layer)
EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT
Capacitor is a complex component combining resistive, inductive and capaci-
tive phenomena. A simplifi ed schematic for the equivalent circuit is:
Ls Rs C
IR
DIELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS
Insulation Resistance (IR) is the resistance measured under DC voltage
across the terminals of the capacitor and consists principally of the parallel
resistance shown in the equivalent circuit. As capacitance values and hence
the area of dielectric increases, the IR decreases and hence the product (C x
IR) is often specifi ed in Ω.F or MΩ.
µ
F.
The Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) is the sum of the resistive terms
which generate heating when capacitor is used under AC voltage at a given
frequency (f).
Dissipation factor (DF) is the ration of the apparent power input will turn to
heat in the capacitor:
DF = 2π f C ESR
When a capacitor works under AC voltage, heat power loss (P), expressed in
Watt, is equal to:
P = 2π f C Vrms
2
DF
The series inductance (Ls) is due to the currents running through the elec-
trodes. It can distort the operation of the capacitor at high frequency where the
impedance (Z) is given as:
Z = Rs + j (Ls.q - 1⁄(C.q)) with q = 2πf
When frequency rises, the capacitive component of capacitors is gradually
canceled up to the resonance frequency, where :
Z = Rs and LsC.q
2
= 1
Above this frequency the capacitor behaves like an inductor.
P100 NPO N2200 (C4xx) BX 2C1 X7R
Dielectric material Porcelain
Magnesium titanate or Neodynium
baryum titanate
Barium zirconate
titanate
Baryum titanate (BaTiO
3
)
Dielectric constant 15 – 18 20 – 85 450 2,000 – 5,000
Electrode technology PME (Precious Metal Electrodes): Ag/Pd
Capacitance variation between ––55°C
and +125/° C without DC voltage
(100±30)ppm/° C (0±30)ppm/° C
(–2,200±500)
ppm/° C
±15% ±20% ±15%
Capacitance variation between ––55°C
and +125/° C with DC rated voltage
0 -15% 15% –25% 20% –30%
Not
applicable
Piezo-electric effect None None Yes
Dielectric absorption None Few % Few %
Thermal shock sensitive + + ++
Ceramic Capacitors Technology